自動變速箱是汽車動力傳遞的核心部件，內部結構精密復雜，維修時需根據故障類型更換相應零件，以恢復其正常運轉。從機械傳動到液壓控制，再到電子輔助系統，可更換的零件覆蓋多個系統，每個零件的功能都直接影響變速箱的性能。

　　Automatic transmission is the core component of automobile power transmission, with a precise and complex internal structure. During maintenance, corresponding parts need to be replaced according to the type of fault to restore its normal operation. From mechanical transmission to hydraulic control, and then to electronic auxiliary systems, replaceable parts cover multiple systems, and the function of each part directly affects the performance of the gearbox.

　　傳動系統的易損件是維修中常見的更換對象。離合器片與制動器片是傳遞動力的關鍵部件，長期摩擦會導致表面磨損或燒焦，當出現換擋頓挫、動力傳遞遲滯時，需拆解檢查并更換。這類零件多采用銅基或紙基摩擦材料，更換時需保證新件厚度均勻（誤差不超過 0.1 毫米），與鋼片貼合緊密。行星齒輪組中的齒輪若出現齒面剝落、裂紋或斷齒，會引發運轉異響，必須整體更換齒輪組，同時檢查行星架的磨損情況，必要時一同更換，確保齒輪嚙合間隙在 0.1-0.3 毫米的標準范圍內。單向離合器（如滾柱式、楔塊式）若出現卡滯或打滑，會導致換擋方向錯誤，需按型號更換，安裝時注意方向標記，避免反向裝錯。

　　The vulnerable parts of the transmission system are common replacement objects in maintenance. The clutch plate and brake plate are key components for transmitting power. Long term friction can cause surface wear or burning. When shifting jerks or power transmission delays occur, they need to be disassembled, inspected, and replaced. These types of parts often use copper based or paper-based friction materials, and when replacing them, it is necessary to ensure that the thickness of the new part is uniform (with an error of no more than 0.1 millimeters) and closely adheres to the steel sheet. If the gears in the planetary gear set have tooth surface peeling, cracks or broken teeth, it will cause abnormal operation noise. The gear set must be replaced as a whole, and the wear of the planetary carrier must be checked. If necessary, they should be replaced together to ensure that the gear mesh clearance is within the standard range of 0.1-0.3 millimeters. If a one-way clutch (such as a roller type or wedge type) gets stuck or slips, it can cause the shifting direction to be incorrect. It needs to be replaced according to the model, and attention should be paid to the direction markings during installation to avoid reverse installation.

　　液壓控制系統的密封件與閥體組件常需更換。變速箱油液通過液壓管路傳遞壓力，橡膠密封圈、油封長期受高溫油液侵蝕會老化失效，導致漏油，維修時需將所有密封件統一更換為耐油耐高溫的氟橡膠材質，尤其閥體與殼體結合處的密封墊，需保證平整度以防止滲漏。閥體是液壓控制的核心，內部滑閥卡滯或閥孔磨損會導致油壓異常，輕度磨損可通過研磨修復，嚴重時需更換全新閥體，新閥體需經過壓力測試，確保各檔位油壓偏差不超過 5%。蓄壓器活塞若出現磨損或密封不良，會影響換擋平順性，更換時需檢查活塞與缸筒的配合間隙，確保在 0.02-0.05 毫米之間。

　　The seals and valve body components of hydraulic control systems often need to be replaced. The transmission oil transmits pressure through hydraulic pipelines, and rubber seals and oil seals will age and fail due to long-term erosion by high-temperature oil, leading to oil leakage. During maintenance, all seals need to be replaced with oil and high-temperature resistant fluororubber materials, especially the sealing gasket at the joint between the valve body and the housing, which must ensure flatness to prevent leakage. The valve body is the core of hydraulic control, and internal spool valve jamming or valve hole wear can cause abnormal oil pressure. Mild wear can be repaired by grinding, and in severe cases, a new valve body needs to be replaced. The new valve body needs to undergo pressure testing to ensure that the oil pressure deviation of each gear does not exceed 5%. If the accumulator piston is worn or poorly sealed, it will affect the smoothness of gear shifting. When replacing, it is necessary to check the fit clearance between the piston and the cylinder to ensure it is between 0.02-0.05 millimeters.

　　電子控制系統的傳感器與執行器是高頻更換零件。轉速傳感器（如電磁式、霍爾式）若失效，會導致變速箱無法判斷換擋時機，出現鎖檔或沖擊，更換時需確保插頭接線正確，信號輸出穩定（電壓波動范圍不超過 ±0.2V）。電磁閥負責控制液壓油路通斷，線圈燒蝕或閥芯卡滯會引發換擋延遲，需按原型號更換，新電磁閥需進行通電測試，確保響應時間在 50-100 毫秒內。控制單元（TCU）若出現程序故障或硬件損壞，會導致變速箱進入保護模式，輕度故障可通過重新編程解決，嚴重時需更換全新控制單元，更換后需進行自適應學習，匹配發動機與變速箱的運行參數。

　　The sensors and actuators of electronic control systems are high-frequency replacement parts. If the speed sensor (such as electromagnetic or Hall type) fails, it will cause the gearbox to be unable to determine the shifting timing, resulting in gear lock or impact. When replacing, it is necessary to ensure that the plug wiring is correct and the signal output is stable (voltage fluctuation range does not exceed ± 0.2V). The solenoid valve is responsible for controlling the on/off of the hydraulic oil circuit. Coil erosion or valve core jamming can cause gear shift delay, and it needs to be replaced with the original model. The new solenoid valve needs to be tested with power to ensure a response time of 50-100 milliseconds. If there is a program failure or hardware damage in the control unit (TCU), it will cause the gearbox to enter protection mode. Mild faults can be resolved by reprogramming, and in severe cases, a new control unit needs to be replaced. After replacement, adaptive learning is required to match the operating parameters of the engine and gearbox.

　　閥體附件與濾清器是預防性更換的重點。變速箱油濾清器（內置紙質濾芯或外置金屬濾芯）在油液循環中過濾雜質，長期使用會堵塞導致油壓下降，維修時必須更換，同時清洗濾網殼體，避免殘留雜質二次污染。油液冷卻器若內部堵塞或泄漏，會影響油液散熱，導致油溫過高（超過 120℃），需更換同規格冷卻器，安裝前用高壓氣吹通管路，確保無堵塞。液力變矩器的鎖止離合器若打滑，會導致油耗上升、動力損失，輕度磨損可通過更換鎖止片修復，嚴重時需整體更換變矩器，新變矩器需進行動平衡測試（不平衡量不超過 5 克厘米），防止運轉時產生振動。

　　The valve body accessories and filters are the focus of preventive replacement. The transmission oil filter (with a built-in paper filter or an external metal filter) filters impurities in the oil circulation. Long term use can clog and cause a decrease in oil pressure. It must be replaced during maintenance, and the filter screen housing must be cleaned to avoid secondary pollution from residual impurities. If there is internal blockage or leakage in the oil cooler, it will affect the heat dissipation of the oil and cause the oil temperature to be too high (over 120 ℃). It is necessary to replace the cooler with the same specification and blow the pipeline with high-pressure air before installation to ensure that there is no blockage. If the lock up clutch of the hydraulic torque converter slips, it will cause an increase in fuel consumption and power loss. Mild wear can be repaired by replacing the locking plate, and in severe cases, the torque converter needs to be replaced as a whole. The new torque converter needs to undergo a dynamic balance test (with an imbalance of no more than 5 grams per centimeter) to prevent vibration during operation.

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