現代汽車為了舒適和換擋方便，大多都采用了自動換擋，自動換擋主要靠自動變速器來進行換擋。自動變速器主要分為液力自動變速器、機械式無級變速器、雙離合自動變速器三大種類。

　　For the sake of comfort and convenient shifting, most modern cars adopt automatic shifting, which mainly relies on automatic transmissions for shifting. Automatic transmissions are mainly divided into three types: hydraulic automatic transmissions, mechanical continuously variable transmissions, and dual clutch automatic transmissions.

　　自動變速器的組成有哪些？

　　What are the components of an automatic transmission?

　　液力自動變速器：由液壓操縱系統、行星齒輪和液力變矩器組成。

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission: composed of hydraulic control system, planetary gears, and hydraulic torque converter.

　　機械式無極變速器：由金屬傳動帶和主、從動工作輪組成。金屬傳動帶由多個金屬片和金屬環組成，每個金屬片在兩側的主、從動工作輪的擠壓力作用下傳遞動力。

　　Mechanical continuously variable transmission: composed of a metal drive belt and primary and secondary working wheels. A metal drive belt is composed of multiple metal plates and metal rings, with each metal plate transmitting power under the squeezing force of the main and driven working wheels on both sides.

　　雙離合自動變速器：由兩個離合器、輸入軸、換擋同步器、齒輪組、自動換擋控制系統組成。

　　Dual clutch automatic transmission: composed of two clutches, input shaft, shift synchronizer, gear set, and automatic shift control system.

　　自動變速器的工作原理

　　Working principle of automatic transmission

　　液力自動變速器：發動機產生的轉矩帶動泵輪旋轉，泵輪葉片旋轉把液流帶動沖向渦輪，從而使得驅動渦輪轉動。

　　Hydraulic automatic transmission: The torque generated by the engine drives the pump wheel to rotate, and the rotation of the pump wheel blades drives the fluid flow towards the turbine, thereby driving the turbine to rotate.

　　機械式無極變速器：發動機產生的扭矩從變矩器被傳到變速器，鋼帶將主動滑輪組的力傳到從動滑輪組件，然后扭矩通過帶多片離合器的單行星齒輪系統被傳送到內部軸，最后扭矩通過齒輪中間軸傳送到差速器，差速器再將驅動力分配給車軸。

　　Mechanical continuously variable transmission: The torque generated by the engine is transmitted from the torque converter to the transmission, and the steel belt transfers the force of the driving pulley group to the driven pulley assembly. Then, the torque is transmitted to the internal shaft through a single planetary gear system with a multi plate clutch, and finally transmitted to the differential through the gear intermediate shaft. The differential then distributes the driving force to the axles.

　　雙離合自動變速器：兩個離合器與輸入軸相連接，換擋和離合操作時通過集成電子和液壓元件的電子模塊來實現。

　　Dual clutch automatic transmission: Two clutches are connected to the input shaft, and shifting and clutch operation are achieved through an electronic module that integrates electronic and hydraulic components.

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